The National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimates that by 2030 there will be 33 million EVs on the road and 28 million EV charging ports will be needed to support them. Most of the charges will be at home and work, with the public network for opportunity charging and less common long trips.

Of the 28 million charging ports, 25.7 million (92%) are expected to be private Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2) chargers at single-family homes. Additionally, there will be an estimated 2.1 million (7.6%) public and private L2 chargers at multifamily homes, workplaces, stores, restaurants, and hotels.

Estimates show 182,000 (~1%) DC Fast charging ports would be needed at public charging stations, primarily to support those with no access to consistent off-street parking, as well as for long distance travel.

Notes:

• Level 1 (L1) refers to 120v AC charging from a typical US household outlet.
• Level 2 (L2) refers to 240v AC charging like that used for a household electric dryer.
• Level 3 (DC) Fast charging in this study refers to charge rates of 150kW or higher.
• Low power DC charging (e.g., 50 kW) is omitted from the study’s baseline scenario based on assumed driver preferences for DC charging that is as fast as possible and 2030 vehicle technology scenarios where batteries are capable of accepting at least 150 kW of peak power.

Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, The 2030 National Charging Network: Estimating U.S. Light-Duty Demand for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure, June 2023.